No Lesser Evil?
Goma, North Kivu province, DR Congo—Last week, on February 25, a large and self-congratulatory ceremony was held in the provincial capital of Goma to mark the end of the Congo-Rwanda joint military operation against the Forces démocratic pour la libération du Rwanda, or FDLR, the Rwandan Hutu rebel group led by former génocidaires, and the departure of the Rwandan Defense Forces, or RDF, at least 4,000 of whom had entered eastern Congo about a month earlier. The joint offensive was hailed as a success and as a powerful symbol of a new spirit of collaboration between the countries of Congo and Rwanda. The Congolese Minister of Defense, Charles Mwando Nsimba, even went so far as to say that the FDLR threat had been “neutralized.” International journalists have also emphasized the operation’s successes. Both the Economist and the New York Times published stories last week highlighting hopeful changes in the region.
But was the operation a success? Has the threat been neutralized? Most analysts on the ground—and indeed many Congolese people whom I have asked—would say not. John Numbi, Congo’s Police Inspector General who commanded the joint operation, reported during the last week’s ceremony that coalition forces had captured 27 FDLR troops and had killed 153. Largely as a result of the operation, there was also a sharp increase in the number of ex-FDLR combatants and their dependents that were repatriated to Rwanda. But what about the remaining FDLR combatants, which were estimated before the operation to number over 6,000 rebels? They were forced to flee deeper into the bush, where they remain the dangerous X factor.
In the town of Masisi in eastern Congo’s North Kivu province, Congolese army (also known by its acronym, FARDC) soldiers walk languidly along the dirt roads. The government forces in this area are now “FARDC mixte,” a mixed Congolese army brigade created from a so-called “fast-track” integration process. This integration combined forces once loyal to Laurent Nkunda and his Congrès national pour le défense du peuple, or CNDP, and other militia groups with Congo’s army to combat their common enemy: the FDLR.
As recently as four months ago, when wide swathes of North Kivu province were controlled by Nkunda’s CNDP rebels, the hills surrounding Masisi town were controlled by CNDP soldiers who could often be seen at the top of the sharp ascending hills, patrolling the outskirts of Masisi district, an area that the United Nations peacekeeping mission in Congo, or MONUC, had declared a “no-go” zone.
With the departure of the Rwandan troops, there are no longer coalition forces to fight the remaining FDLR rebels. The newly integrated “FARDC mixte” forces are now meant to occupy the areas once controlled by the FDLR. But Bertrand, a Masisi resident, told me that he isn’t so sure that this new FARDC presence will be able to hold back the FDLR when they attempt to return to some of their strongholds in certain areas of Masisi district. “So you are sure they will come back, even in areas where FARDC mixte is now deployed?” I asked. “Yes, they always come back. And when they do, it’s horrible.” I asked if the Congo-Rwanda joint operations against the FDLR had been a bad idea because of the threat of FDLR retaliatory attacks now posed against civilians. He shrugged his shoulders and slightly tilted his head in the direction of a “FARDC mixte” soldier. “It’s difficult to say. Before, we were surrounded by the CNDP. And they were bad too.”
For the war-weary Congolese people of North Kivu province like Bertrand, the shifted—and still shifting—alliances of eastern Congo’s rebel groups may be a cause for more fear and more insecurity. But recent developments—including the return of ex-FDLR combatants and their families to Rwanda and the return of displaced Congolese to their home villages in formerly CNDP-occupied zones like Masisi—may be early signal of more peaceful winds to come—with a very large caveat. Tremendous work still remains to be done if the rhetoric of success is to become a lasting reality.
Technorati Tags: 
foreign exchange rate
Thanks for sharing! that is really interesting! Time Timezone widget lost people fail at options because foreign exchange transaction they allow their emotions to run their trading. Unit Converter unit conversion widget Here is how to take your emotions out of the equation and increase your profit margin Currency Exchange Rate widget Free Download software version currency converter widget With the explosion of the Internet in recent years Countdown Timer Counter widget a number of small and cheap brokerages have popped up which Wechselkurs are called discount brokers. A discount broker offers Weather Forecast widgeta full suite of trading options without the research and advice of broker who hosts web hosting widget Equity trading market is a lucrative field for investors. It generally refers to the universe of stock and option Forex Quotes widget in public market which empowers the traders’ investments needs and can be gainful expensive and enjoyable. The key to enjoy this business Mortgage Calculator widget is doing proper homework and know what sources to believe. If you are Canadian Mortgage Calculator looking forward getting into the equity trading field then you need to have a good knowledge of the basics of equity trading Bible Quotes These days virtually nothing comes cheap especially not ownership of companies through shares of stock Forex Price widget
-
Taux de change|CONVERTISSEUR MONETAIRE There is plenty of money to be made on the Forex market and whatever restrictions and inertia that might have calculatrice hypothecaire been bogging you down when it was in the exclusive arena of the offline world should Gold Price widget Buy Gold Sell Gold be wiped clean because if you didn’t already know online trading in 黃金價格查詢 the Forex capital markets has been given the green light and now anyone can be an investor from the comforts of their own home 住宅ローンの計算、ローン計算 This article discusses the differences between the online futures trading market and the FX market 房貸房屋貸款計算 While it might be a perspective from the left field there are plenty of reasons why 房贷房屋贷款计算 online futures trading cannot compare with Forex trading in terms of liquidity and profitability 外汇交易外汇报价 It would be hard to fathom that the old exchange rate calculator 汇率换算汇率查询 has been responsible for making plenty 外国為替 of people some good profits over the past 30 years or so but for the uninitiated to the Forex market Weight Loss Diet this is a truth you must all learn Exchange rates are the basic principle in which the Forex market is built on DIY Solar Power but of course this is a simplistic way to describe a market which is laden with so many factors to consider and a wealth of information to traverse global stock index There are some advantages of Forex trading over stock investing and in these bearish of market times Forex Trading Signal Forex Trading System Software Tools it would be pertinent to know about them This article will list 3 main advantages of the paper trade 外匯交易外匯報價 and might help you make your decision to either invest in it or give it a miss 汇率换算汇率查询 In recent times many people have started investing in the forex and stock market and have earned big profits 為替レート The forex or fx market may be new to the average person but slowly and gradually 匯率換算匯率查詢it has gained more popularity among retail investors as well. Although there are various similarities between both markets investments 全球股市报价 but there are also some basic differences between them. While foreign exchange or forex market is 24-hours open 匯率查詢匯率換算 which offers the wider scope for trading where time doesnot matter. As a result of this a forex trader can 股票財報分析 trade at any time during the day or night. Nevertheless in comparison to the forex market the stock market 股票投資網站 is open to business during day hours. Adding to this
-
Tipo de Cambioe Investing in conservative blue chip stocks may not have the allure
Le temps du monde| fuseau horaire| horloge| convertisseur a hot high-tech investment, but it can be highly rewarding Weltzeit, Zeitzone, Clock, Converter nonetheless, as good quality stocks have outperformed other El tiempo del mundo, zona horaria, Reloj, Convertidor investment classes over the long term Prévision Météo & Température Describes how to start investing if you are a newbie to the investment game Pronóstico del Tiempo & Temperatura With our declining economy, worthless retirements, rampant foreclosures and high unemployment Americans Convertidor de Unidades are trying alternate methods for investments. Many are wanting to invest in penny stock, since they really donot have a lot to invest in to
Conversion Unités Nobody has said it in so numerous words, but we are at the closing stages of the downturn Einheiten umrechnen In a time when the market is going to rise and fall as it stabilizes, it is central to be familiar with when a stock is about to weaken. Convertidor de Unidades There is an overwhelming amount of information on many stocks that it can overload even taxa de câmbio, moeda corrente, forex the best investors in the world. But there are ways to streamline the approach tasso di cambio, valuta, forex and to practice to figure what works and what you can ignore. обменный курс иностранной валюты, валюты, форекс Everybody starts out in CFD Trading wanting to make money but a whopping 95% of Traders lose, which leaves 5% winners. So what is it that the 5% of CFD Traders conversão de unidades are doing to make them win in CFD Trading. What are the mistakes Unità di conversione Successful stock market trading begins with a winning trading plan. Its as simple as that Конвертор величин If you develop a well-conceived trading plan to guide your actions tempo, fuso horário, relógio, conversor in the stock market you will already have the advantage over most tempo, fuso orario, orologio, convertitore to win over the long haul when trading the stock market or forex market время, часовой пояс, часы, конвертер of your market competition. Put simply, it gives you the edge you need forex, moeda contract between the trader and a CFD provider, who will at the close of the contract, exchange forex, valuta Stock Market Trading- Are you ready to become a millionaire. Here are 3 proven strategies Forex, валюта to make you become a more successful trader and increase your wealth Previsão do Tempo e Temperatura FOREX is the Foreign Exchange market also known as FX. All three of these means Previsioni Meteo temperatura the same thing, which is the trade of trading between different banks Прогноз погоды & температуры Losing money on an investment may not be the result of a mistake, and not all mistakes calcular hipoteca, calcular empréstimo result in monetary losses. Your own misconceptions about calcolo mutuo, calcolo prestito how securities react to varying economic, political, and hysterical расчет ипотечного кредита, расчет кредита circumstances are your most vicious enemy. Step away from calendar year countdown,timer,contador market value thinking. Avoid these ten common errors to improve your performance conto alla rovescia,timer,counter lower portfolio market values Обратный отсчет,таймера who misguidedly depend on capital gains for their spending money
-
currency widget This technical indicator is underused in the currency markets currency converter widget After the Plaza Accord, the U.S. dollar continuously declined unit converter widget The Smithsonian Agreement hurt the U.S. in the short-term Mortgage widget Learn how investments in foreign currencies can diversify your portfolio Time widget Make more educated trading decisions by identifying major turning points Weather widget Learn to cut out losses quickly, leaving profits room to grow Countdown widget Many spot currency cross pairs are not traded against each other directly Forex widget Three empirical findings on futures data can help currency traders determine buy
نوكيا / برامج
نوكيا / برامج نوكيا / ثيمات/ مسجات / نغمات
نوكيا \ بجوال النوكيا / برامج النوكيا \ ثيمات \ النغمات \ المسجات \ برامج نوكيا \ برامج 6600 \ برامج 3250 \ برامج n70 \ برامج n73 و برامج n95 \ الجيل الثالث \ برامج 99.\ ثيمات \ ثيمات n73 و ثيمات n70 و ثيمات 3250 و ثيمات 6300 \ ثيمات 6600 و ثيمات 6630 \ ثيمات e50 و ثيمات n70 \ ثيمات n80 و ثيمات n95 \ ثيمات nth.
مسجات \ المسجات \ احلى مسجات \ مسجات حب \ مسجات حلوة / مسجات رمضان \ مسجات رومانسية كـ مسجات شوق و مسجات عتاب و مسجات غرام و مسجات اشتياق./ مسجات عراقية.
النغمات / نغمات نوكيا / تنزيل نغمات / تحميل نغمات \ نغمات mp3 و نغمات 2007 و نغمات 2008 و نغمات اسلامية / موقع نغمات و نغمات صوتية و نغمات mar
Reporting integrity
While your report is marginally well written, I have problems with three issues.
First, your second to last paragraph includes your conversation with "Bertrand" - an anonymous Congolese citizen. You quote Bertrand as if his views represent the majority of the Congolese populace. This anecdotal evidence, while interesting on a very superficial level, does not provide any hard evidence as to the effectiveness of the joint Congolese-Rwandan operation.
Secondly, your report doesn't provide anything new. You say on the one hand that the operation may not have been the success the respective governments claim it was, and on the other hand maybe it will bring some lasting change. Congratulations. You are correct.
Lastly, one has to wonder about the integrity of the reporting and your conclusion that "tremendous work still remains..." Is it possible that your reporting is influenced by the fact that continuation of the conflict ensures your job security?